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USBメモリ – net-image https://net-image.ima-pla.com ワードプレスの操作方法、プラグイン、各種設定ならネットイマージュ Mon, 31 Jan 2022 15:42:39 +0000 ja hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=5.9.10 フォーマットとファイルシステム(FAT(16)、FAT32、exFAT、NTFS)の違い https://net-image.ima-pla.com/pc-operation/format_fat16-fat32-exfat-ntfs_memory https://net-image.ima-pla.com/pc-operation/format_fat16-fat32-exfat-ntfs_memory#respond Wed, 04 Nov 2020 15:23:30 +0000 http://net-image.ima-pla.com/?p=846 Warning: Attempt to read property "cat_ID" on bool in /home/seek-net/ima-pla.com/public_html/net-image/wp-content/themes/quadra_biz001/admin/inc/front_page.php on line 137

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USBメモリやSDカードなどメモリを最初に使用する時などに、「フォーマット」という言葉を目にすることがあると思います。 こちらでは、「フォーマット」とは何か、そして「フォーマット」する際の「ファイルシステムの違い」につい […]]]>

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USBメモリやSDカードなどメモリを最初に使用する時などに、「フォーマット」という言葉を目にすることがあると思います。

こちらでは、「フォーマット」とは何か、そして「フォーマット」する際の「ファイルシステムの違い」について、主にUSBメモリやSDカードなどのフラッシュメモリの場合を解説します。



そもそもフォーマットとは何か?

フォーマットという場合、主に2つの意味が考えられます。

1つ目は、「初期化」という意味。

2つ目は、

「記述方式」(=定められた書き方、形式)という意味で、「画像フォーマット」「書式フォーマット」などという表現で使われることがあります。

①「初期化」という意味でのフォーマット

USBメモリやSDカードなどを初めて使用する際には、「初期化処理」を施す必要がある場合がありますが、この初期化処理のことをフォーマットといいます。

新しいフラッシュメモリをデジタルカメラに挿入した時に「このメモリカードを初期化(フォーマット)しますか?」と表示されたりしますが、それはそのデバイスに最適な状態にメモリを構築してくれるのです。

このように、初期化には使用するデバイスが自動で最適な形にフォーマットしてくれる場合もありますが、デバイスによっては使用前にユーザーが自分でフォーマットしておく必要がある場合もあるので、新しい機器を使用する時には事前に説明書や仕様書を確認しておきましょう。

②「記述方式(=形式)」という意味でのフォーマット

例えば、画像にはJPEG、PNGなどの画像形式がありますが、それらは「画像フォーマット」などと呼ばれます。カメラで撮影した画像はユーザーが事前に選択したJPEGなどの画像フォーマットで保存されますが、Photoshopなどで画像を作った場合は、その保存形式(=フォーマット)を自分で選択することになります。

また、WORDなどの文書アプリでは『文書フォーマット』という使われ方もします。この場合には、『文書がどのような文書なのか(=種類)』という意味で用いられ、場合によっては『雛形』や『テンプレート』という意味合いでも用いられます。

このような場合、主にハードウェア(=メモリ)そのもののフォーマット(=保存形式)とは何も関係はありません。

③フォーマットと拡張子

『拡張子』とは、ワードならば『.word』、エクセルであれば『.exel』、画像であれば『.jpeg』といった、ファイル名の後に『.』(=ドット)で区切られた指定文字になります。

PCやスマートフォンなどの各種デバイスにおいては、例えばタップ・クリックされたファイルが『JPEG』なのか『PNG』なのかをそのデバイスが判別するために『拡張子』が参照されます。

ワードやエクセルでは、バージョンによって拡張子が異なるため、作成したデータが古いバージョンのワードやエクセルで読み込まれることが有るか無いかによって、フォーマット(=保存形式)を選択する必要がある場合もあります。



メモリのフォーマットの種類

記憶媒体であるHDDやメモリには、保存形式としてのフォーマットに種類があります。ここでは代表的なフォーマットの種類を紹介します。

おおまかにいえば、フォーマットの種類によって【①読み込めるOSの種類】【②作ることのできる容量の大きさ】に違いがあります。

FATもしくはFAT16

Windows 95、Windows NT、Windows 3.1、DOSでも使用できるフォーマットで、1つの領域として確保できる容量は最大2047MB(2GB、2ギガバイト)までです。macOSでも利用可能です。

FAT32

クラスタサイズがFAT(FAT16)よりも小さくディスクを効率的に使用できますが、1つの領域として確保できる容量は最大2テラバイトまでです。また、1ファイルの容量は最大4GBとなります。(Windows 98/98Seの場合は2GBまでです。)

NTFS

1ファイルが4GB以上でも保存でき、容量制限はありません。

Windows Me/ 98SE/ 98/ 95(4.00.950/4.00.950a)、Windows NT(Windows NT4.0はNTFSに対応)、Windows 3.1、DOSなどでは使用できません。

macOSでは読み取ることはできますが書き込みができず、パソコン以外では、利用できないことが多いフォーマット形式です。

exFAT

1ファイルが4GB以上でも保存でき、容量制限はありません。32GB以上の領域を1ボリュームとして設定でき、macOSでも利用可能です。

マイクロソフトによって2006年に導入されたファイルシステムで、USBフラッシュドライブやSDカードなどのフラッシュドライブ向けに最適化がされているフォーマットです。

まとめ

2020年現在、USBメモリやSDカードといったメモリにおいては『exFAT』が無難なフォーマットですが、使用環境やデバイスによっても異なります。

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